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- Domestic Violence against LGBTI PeoplePublication . Sousa, Edgar; Neves, Sofia; Ferreira, Mafalda; Topa, Joana; Vieira, Cristina Pereira; Borges, Janete; Costa, Rodrigo; Lira, André; Tchounwou, Paul B.Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) people are more likely to be exposed to domestic violence than the rest of the population. Using a descriptive qualitative methodology, 28 professionals from the educational sector, aged between 28 and 64 years old (M = 44.5), were interviewed to describe and understand their perspectives on the sector’s ability to support, intervene and get involved with LGBTI people and, particularly, with victims or former victims of domestic violence. Through a thematic content analysis, three main themes emerged: (i) life trajectories of LGBTI people; (ii) domestic violence perpetrated against LGBTI people; and (iii) training of the educational sector to intervene with LGBTI people. The results show that Portuguese education professionals are not trained to recognize and intervene with LGBTI people and, in particular, with those who are victims of domestic violence, since they are unaware of the existence of protocols and/or guidelines for detecting and preventing risk situations among students. Furthermore, the curricular plan fails in the coverage of domestic violence and LGBTI-related topics, although the National Strategy for Citizenship Education has been implemented in Portugal since 2017. Findings suggest the need to invest in education professionals’ training.
- We Are Tired—The Sharing of Unpaid Work between ImmigrantWomen and Men in PortugalPublication . Silva, Estefânia; Casimiro, Claudia; Vieira, Cristina Pereira; Costa, Paulo Manuel; Topa, Joana; Neves, Sofia; Borges, Janete; Sousa, Mafalda; Santos, Maria Helena; Cerqueira, CarlaIn this article, we intend to understand and discuss how immigrant men and women living in Portugal perceive their contributions to the performance of unpaid work and how they try to deal with the situation of the greater burden on women. To this end, a qualitative methodology was used to conduct an exploratory study with 10 focus groups of immigrant men and women in five regions of the country: North, Centre, Lisbon, Alentejo and Algarve. The participants, 43 females and 27 males, were aged between 19 and 80 years. From the discourse of the immigrant participants in this study, it could be concluded that the division of unpaid work between immigrant women and men is not equal, as their statements evidenced a greater responsibility and overload on women. From a traditional vision of gender roles, a persistent dichotomy of two worlds could be perceived, based on a “naturalized” vision of the social roles of gender and on a distribution grounded in biological differences. In parallel, discourses show a change in the sharing of household chores and childcare. However, this does not always occur regularly and appears very much associated with the entry of women into the paid labour market.
- I Was the Violence Victim, I Am the Perpetrator: Bullying and Cyberbullying Perpetration and Associated Factors among AdolescentsPublication . Jankowiak, Barbara; Jaskulska, Sylwia; Martínez, Vanesa Pérez; Py˙zalski, Jacek; Barbero, Belén Sanz; Bowes, Nicola; Claire, Karen De; Neves, Sofia; Topa, Joana; Silva, Estefânia; Mocanu, Veronica; Cases, Carmen Vives; Peralta, Robert L.Bullying and cyberbullying significantly threaten the development and mental health of both victims and perpetrators. This study aimed to analyze the associations between socioeconomic characteristics, personal experiences of violence, perceived social support from peers, and acceptance of violence and (cyber)bullying perpetration. The study involved 1146 secondary school students, consisting of 698 females and 448 males, aged 13 to 16. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. The results indicated that 12.32% of girls and 18.97% of boys reported engaging in bullying and/or cyberbullying. The likelihood of perpetration was lower among adolescents who had not experienced physical and/or sexual abuse before age 15, but higher among those in romantic relationships who had been victims of dating violence or had experienced (cyber)bullying victimization. Additionally, perceived social support from classmates was associated with a lower likelihood of becoming a perpetrator, whereas acceptance of violence was positively associated with (cyber)bullying perpetration. Preventing adolescents from becoming perpetrators of bullying and/or cyberbullying requires early intervention to prevent all forms of violence in childhood and adolescence, as well as bolstering personal and environmental resources by providing social support.
- Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Postpartum Experiences of Racialised BrazilianWomen in Portugal: An Analysis of Obstetric Violence as Gender-Based ViolencePublication . Rusu, Mariana Holanda; Nogueira, Conceição; Topa, Joana; Rowland, David L.As gender-based violence, obstetric violence is a complex phenomenon that represents a matter for debate worldwide. The main objective of this exploratory study is to understand the experiences of obstetric violence during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period of racialised Brazilian women in the Portuguese National Health System. Using a qualitative case study research approach, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with ten racialised Brazilian women who gave birth in Portugal. A thematic qualitative analysis was used. The findings reveal significant cases of obstetric violence, which include the complexities and lack of support, assistance and monitoring networks, structural inequalities, neglect, and intersectional discriminatory practices based on racial and cultural prejudices, as well as reflection. These experiences not only affect the physical health of mothers but also have profound psychological and emotional consequences. This study highlights the urgent need for culturally sensitive care and the implementation of policies to prevent obstetric violence, ensuring that the rights and dignity of migrant mothers are upheld. By highlighting these critical issues, this study aims to contribute to the broader discourse on maternal health care and promote social justice for these historically marginalised groups
- As mulheres e as semelhantes situações de violência em Brasil e PortugalPublication . Braga, Priscila Mazza de Faria; Barrientos, Dora Mariela Salcedo; Fracolli, Lislaine Aparecida; Joana Topa; Caldas, José Manuel Peixoto; Tavares, Nathália; Romero, Luiza Lopes; Silva, Maria Luiza daEste estudo integra um projeto sobre migração feminina entre Portugal e o Brasil, abordando a feminização crescente da migração internacional. Em Portugal, as mulheres migrantes representam mais da metade da população estrangeira (51%), sendo a comunidade brasileira a mais significativa, enquanto no Brasil, mulheres representam 41% dos imigrantes de longa duração. Apesar dos desafios enfrentados por mulheres migrantes, estudos científicos muitas vezes negligenciam abordagens sensíveis ao gênero. O estudo foca em duas mulheres latino-americanas, uma boliviana no Brasil e uma brasileira em Portugal, usando uma abordagem teórica baseada nos Determinantes Sociais do Processo Saúde-Doença (HDP) e na Interseccionalidade. A análise revela fatores protetores e destrutivos nas dimensões sociais, econômicas e políticas, evidenciando desigualdades de gênero, raça e classe. A discriminação sistêmica, violência de gênero e desafios no acesso a serviços de saúde são destacados. O estudo sublinha a complexidade da migração, ressaltando a interseccionalidade como crucial para entender as experiências das mulheres imigrantes. A conclusão destaca a importância de analisar as relações sociais, econômicas, políticas e de poder para interpretar discursos migratórios.
- The Implementation of Dating Violence Prevention Programmes in Portugal and Their Effectiveness: Perspectives of ProfessionalsPublication . Neves, Sofia; Santos, Inês; Topa, Joana; Luke, Nancy; Parton, NigelThe aim of the present study is to learn the perspectives of professionals on the effectiveness of implementing dating violence prevention programmes in Portugal, based on their experiences. For data collection, a questionnaire survey built specifically for this purpose was used, which was completed by a total of 33 participants, 31 female and two male, with an average age of 39 years (SD = 10.10). The results indicate that the implementation of dating violence prevention programmes is generally perceived as effective, although a very limited number of participants mention the reduction of violence as a resultant gain. Limitations of a different nature are recognized, namely in terms of specificity, sustainability and the evaluation systems, which may compromise the consolidation of long-term objectives. Thus, the study presents important indications on how to redefine strategies to prevent and combat dating violence.
- The Trajectories That Remain to Be Told: Civic Participation, Immigrant Organizations, andWomen’s Leadership in PortugalPublication . Topa, Joana; Cerqueira, Carla; Susuky, TakuThis study focuses on migrant women and their civic participation in civil society organizations and/or immigrant associations. Despite women’s migration having a long global history and being of academic interest, extensive knowledge of this situation has increased substantially in recent decades; research on the civic participation of immigrant women in Portugal is still incipient. The structural conditions affecting these women’s mobility processes remain overlooked, concealing their vulnerabilities. Additionally, success stories of migrant women, which could serve as inspirations for others, are often invisible. This exploratory research examines the role of female immigrant leaders and the demands they face in facilitating immigrants’ integration into Portuguese society. Eight qualitative interviews were conducted with diverse immigrant organizations in Portugal, advocating for immigrant rights and promoting integration through various strategies. The results reveal that migrant women’s experiences and participation in leadership roles are shaped not only by their migrant background and their qualifications but also by the difficulties they encountered upon arrival in Portugal. These leaders tend to focus on constraints, particularly regarding the organization’s sustainability, rather than emphasizing opportunities for civic participation. Nevertheless, this study also reveals that participation in IOs leads to increased autonomy and a heightened sense of empowerment for these women. It grants them a voice, visibility, and recognition both in the host society and their own communities. Overall, the study sheds light on the significance of recognizing immigrant women’s contributions and challenges, as well as the crucial role played by immigrant organizations in promoting integration and advocating for immigrants’ rights in Portugal. It also emphasizes the need for the government to financially support these organizations.
- Captar y comprender la realidad de los inmigrantes sudamericanos a partir del análisis del discursoPublication . Barrientos, Dora Marinela Salcedo; Méric, Olivier Gérard Angel; Romero, Luiza Lopes; Santos, Nathalya Tavares dos; Neia, Cintia Magalhães; Gryschek, Anna Luiza de Fátima Pinho Lins; Echavarría, Máximo Cecilio Ogando; Topa, Joana Bessa; Caldas, José Manuel PeixotoCaptar y comprender la realidad de tres gestantes inmigrantes en Brasil. Este es un estudio mixto. La recolección de datos fue realizada en 2019, en la Misión Paz- São Paulo- SP, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, sometidas a análisis del discurso, realizadas con tres inmigrantes sudamericanas embarazadas que sufrieron alguna situación de violencia. Los resultados fueron expuestos a través de lemas, verbos, sustantivos, categorización semántica y adjetivos significativos, con énfasis en los temas: embarazo; obligaciones; familia; inmigración; vulnerabilidades/dificultades; recursos y violencia. El análisis del Discurso destacó que las relaciones de poder como el machismo, el patriarcado, el sexismo, la xenofobia y otros sistemas de opresión, sustanciados en la violencia sufrida por las inmigrantes embarazadas, contribuyen negativamente a los indicadores de salud de esta población. Se expone como una posibilidad de método para ser aplicado en estudios en salud colectiva. Se necesita más investigación para darse cuenta de su potencial.
- Racism in Football in Portugal: Perceptions of Multiple ActorsPublication . Neves, Sofia; Topa, Joana; Borges, Janete; Silva, Estefânia; Patel, Tina G.The present paper aims to analyze and understand, from an intersectional point of view, the extent and the characteristics of racism in football in Portugal, based on the perspectives of football fans, coaches, amateur players, professional players, journalists, parents, and other elements directly or indirectly involved in the modality. Using an online questionnaire, this exploratory study involved 1681 participants, 456 self-identified as women, 1221 as men, and 4 as non-binary, aged between 13 and 61 years old (M = 33.02; DP = 12.64). The results show gender, skin color, ethnicity, sexual orientation/gender identity, and functional diversity are the main factors explaining discrimination in football, with differences between genders. Nearly 70% of women and 50% of men admitted the existence of racism in football in Portugal. In addition, associations between participants’ condition, age, perceptions, and experiences of racism were found, with amateur players and younger participants revealing a stronger position concerning the topic. This study can inform contemporary debates in critical research, particularly around football, discrimination, and cultural citizenship. Intersectional research across football studies is crucial to better understand the racialized aspects of football and develop better policies that can prevent and combat racism.
- Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety among university students: A systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Oliveira, Cláudia; Pacheco, Mara; Borges, Janete; Meira, Liliana; Santos, AnitaUniversity years are marked by multiple stressors. Consequently, university students often report anxiety symptoms or disorders, but most remain untreated. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) has been proposed as an alternative to address known help-seeking barriers, which were aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of ICBT for university students with anxiety. A systematic search on three databases, EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science, and a manual search were performed. Fifteen studies were identified, including a total of 1619 participants. Seven studies evaluated ICBT treatment for both anxiety and depression, three for social anxiety, two for generalized anxiety, while the remaining (k = 3) only targeted anxiety, test anxiety, and comorbidity between anxiety and insomnia. Analyses were performed based on a random-effects model using the metafor package in R. The results indicated that ICBT had a significant and positive effect on university students with anxiety compared to controls at post-test (g = 0.48; 95 % CI: 0.63, 0.27; p < .001, I2 = 67.30 %). Nevertheless, more research is required to determine the intervention components that are more relevant for therapeutic change, how much guidance is required to produce better outcomes, and how patient engagement can be improved.