Artigos em revistas indexadas
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Browsing Artigos em revistas indexadas by Subject "Aged"
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- 2D:4D digit ratio is associated with cognitive decline but not frailty in community-dwelling older adultsPublication . Gonçalves, Celina; Coelho, Tiago; Machado, Sérgio; Rocha, Nuno BarbosaTo understand the relation between 2D:4D ratio, frailty, and cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly people.
- Are resistance and aerobic exercise training equally effective at improving knee muscle strength and balance in older women?Publication . Marques, Elisa A.; Figueiredo, Pedro; Harris, Tamara B.; Wanderley, Flávia A.; Carvalho, JoanaThis study aimed to compare the magnitude of knee muscle strength and static and dynamic balance change in response to 8 months of progressive RE and AE training in healthy community-dwelling older women. A secondary aim was to assess the relationship between muscle strength and balance changes (up and go test (UGT), one-leg stance test, and center of pressure measures). This study was a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a randomized controlled trial, a three-arm intervention study in older women (n=71, mean age 69.0y). The results suggest that both interventions elicited likely to almost certain improvements (using magnitude-based inference) in balance performance. Leg strength was improved after RE whereas it was unclear following AE. Improvements in strength were almost certainly moderate after RE and possibly trivial after AE, with very likely greater improvements following RE compared to AE. A large and significant negative correlation (r=-0.5; CI 90%: -0.7 to -0.2) was found between ΔUGT and change in both knee extension and knee flexion strength after 8-month RE. In conclusion, our results showed that both types of training improve balance, but RE was also effective at improving leg strength. In addition, improvements in both knee extension and flexion strength after RE appear to make an important contribution to meaningful improvements in static and dynamic balance.
- Associations of 24-hour sleep duration and CT-derived measurements of muscle and bone: The AGES-Reykjavik StudyPublication . Marques, Elisa A.; Figueiredo, Pedro; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Lang, Thomas; Sigurdsson, Gunnar; Sigurdsson, Sigurdur; Aspelund, Thor; Siggeirsdottir, Kristin; Launer, Lenore; Eiriksdottir, Gudny; Harris, Tamara B.Although the importance of sleep on preservation of several physiological functions is well known, the relationship with the two interconnected tissues - muscle and bone is less understood.
- Associations of Quadriceps Torque Properties with Muscle Size, Attenuation, and Intramuscular Adipose Tissue in Older AdultsPublication . Frank-Wilson, Andrew W; Chalhoub, Didier; Figueiredo, Pedro; Jónsson, Pálmi V; Siggeirsdóttir, Kristín; Sigurdsson, Sigurdur; Eiriksdottir, Gudny; Guðnason, Vilmundur; Launer, Lenore; Harris, Tamara BAtrophy and fatty infiltration of muscle with aging are associated with fractures and falls, however, their direct associations with muscle function are not well described. It was hypothesized that participants with lower quadriceps muscle attenuation, area, and greater intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) will exhibit slower rates of torque development (RTD) and lower peak knee extension torques.
- Benefits of regular walking exercise in advanced pre-dialysis chronic kidney diseasePublication . Kosmadakis, G. C.; John, S. G.; Clapp, E. L.; Viana, J. L.; Smith, A. C.; Bishop, N. C.; Bevington, A.; Owen, P. J.; McIntyre, C. W.; Feehally, J.There is increasing evidence of the benefit of regular physical exercise in a number of long-term conditions including chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD, this evidence has mostly come from studies in end stage patients receiving regular dialysis. There is little evidence in pre-dialysis patients with CKD Stages 4 and 5.
- Combined walking exercise and alkali therapy in patients with CKD4–5 regulates intramuscular free amino acid pools and ubiquitin E3 ligase expressionPublication . Watson, Emma L.; Kosmadakis, George C.; Smith, Alice C.; Viana, Joao L.; Brown, Jeremy R.; Molyneux, Karen; Pawluczyk, Izabella Z. A.; Mulheran, Michael; Bishop, Nicolette C.; Shirreffs, Susan; Maughan, Ronald J.; Owen, Paul J.; John, Stephen G.; McIntyre, Christopher W.; Feehally, John; Bevington, AlanMuscle-wasting in chronic kidney disease (CKD) arises from several factors including sedentary behaviour and metabolic acidosis. Exercise is potentially beneficial but might worsen acidosis through exercise-induced lactic acidosis. We studied the chronic effects of exercise in CKD stage 4-5 patients (brisk walking, 30 min, 5 times/week), and non-exercising controls; each group receiving standard oral bicarbonate (STD), or additional bicarbonate (XS) (Total n = 26; Exercising + STD n = 9; Exercising +XS n = 6; Control + STD n = 8; Control + XS n = 3). Blood and vastus lateralis biopsies were drawn at baseline and 6 months. The rise in blood lactate in submaximal treadmill tests was suppressed in the Exercising + XS group. After 6 months, intramuscular free amino acids (including the branched chain amino acids) in the Exercising + STD group showed a striking chronic depletion. This did not occur in the Exercising + XS group. The effect in Exercising + XS patients was accompanied by reduced transcription of ubiquitin E3-ligase MuRF1 which activates proteolysis via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Other anabolic indicators (Akt activation and suppression of the 14 kDa actin catabolic marker) were unaffected in Exercising + XS patients. Possibly because of this, overall suppression of myofibrillar proteolysis (3-methylhistidine output) was not observed. It is suggested that alkali effects in exercisers arose by countering exercise-induced acidosis. Whether further anabolic effects are attainable on combining alkali with enhanced exercise (e.g. resistance exercise) merits further investigation.
- Effects of resistance and aerobic exercise on physical function, bone mineral density, OPG and RANKL in older womenPublication . Marques, Elisa A.; Wanderley, Flávia; Machado, Leandro; Sousa, Filipa; Viana, João L.; Moreira-Gonçalves, Daniel; Moreira, Pedro; Mota, Jorge; Carvalho, JoanaThis study compared the effects of a resistance training protocol and a moderate-impact aerobic training protocol on bone mineral density (BMD), physical ability, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels. Seventy-one older women were randomly assigned to resistance exercise (RE), aerobic exercise (AE) or a control group (CON). Both interventions were conducted 3 times per week for 8 months. Outcome measures included proximal femur BMD, muscle strength, balance, body composition, serum OPG, and RANKL levels. Potential confounding variables included dietary intake, accelerometer-based physical activity (PA), and molecularly defined lactase nonpersistence. After 8 months, only RE group exhibited increases in BMD at the trochanter (2.9%) and total hip (1.5%), and improved body composition. Both RE and AE groups improved balance. No significant changes were observed in OPG and RANKL levels, and OPG/RANKL ratio. Lactase nonpersistence was not associated with BMD changes. No group differences were observed in baseline values or change in dietary intakes and daily PA. Data suggest that 8 months of RE may be more effective than AE for inducing favourable changes in BMD and muscle strength, whilst both interventions demonstrate to protect against the functional balance control that is strongly related to fall risk.
- Evidence for Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise in CKDPublication . Viana, João L.; Kosmadakis, George C.; Watson, Emma L.; Bevington, Alan; Feehally, John; Bishop, Nicolette C.; Smith, Alice C.CKD is associated with a complex state of immune dysfunction characterized by immune depression, predisposing patients to infections, and immune activation, resulting in inflammation that associates with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Physical exercise may enhance immune function and exert anti-inflammatory effects, but such effects are unclear in CKD. We investigated the separate effects of acute and regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on neutrophil degranulation (elastase release), activation of T lymphocytes (CD69 expression) and monocytes (CD86 and HLA-DR expression), and plasma inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, soluble TNF-receptors, and C-reactive protein) in patients with predialysis CKD. A single 30-minute (acute) bout of walking induced a normal pattern of leukocyte mobilization and had no effect on T-lymphocyte and monocyte activation but improved neutrophil responsiveness to a bacterial challenge in the postexercise period. Furthermore, acute exercise induced a systemic anti-inflammatory environment, evidenced by a marked increase in plasma IL-10 levels (peaked at 1 hour postexercise), that was most likely mediated by increased plasma IL-6 levels (peaked immediately postexercise). Six months of regular walking exercise (30 min/d for 5 times/wk) exerted anti-inflammatory effects (reduction in the ratio of plasma IL-6 to IL-10 levels) and a downregulation of T-lymphocyte and monocyte activation, but it had no effect on circulating immune cell numbers or neutrophil degranulation responses. Renal function, proteinuria, and BP were also unaffected. These findings provide compelling evidence that walking exercise is safe with regard to immune and inflammatory responses and has the potential to be an effective anti-inflammatory therapy in predialysis CKD.
- Feasibility and safety of a walking football program in middle-aged and older men with type 2 diabetesPublication . Barbosa, Ana; Brito, João; Costa, Júlio; Figueiredo, Pedro; Seabra, André; Mendes, RomeuThis study aimed to analyze the feasibility and safety of a community-based walking football program in middle-aged and older men with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
- GNAS A-1121G Variant is Associated with Improved Diastolic Dysfunction in Response to Exercise Training in Heart Failure PatientsPublication . Alves, A.; Goldhammer, E.; Ribeiro, F.; Eynon, N.; Ben-Zaken Cohen, S.; Duarte, J.; Viana, J.; Sagiv, M.; Oliveira, J.β1-adrenergic receptors (ADRB1) and Gαs proteins (GNAS) play important roles in the regulation of cardiac function. The present study sought to investigate whether ADRB1 Arg389Gly (rs1801253), GNAS -1211 G/A (rs6123837) and GNAS 2291 C/T (rs6026584) variants are associated with left ventricular function and exercise tolerance in heart failure patients. 61 heart failure patients completed a 6-month exercise-training programme. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mitral inflow velocities (deceleration time, and E/A ratio) and exercise tolerance (METs) were assessed at baseline and following exercise training. There were no associations between the studied variants and LVEF or E/A ratio measured at baseline and after exercise training. Deceleration time of early mitral flow was higher at baseline in GNAS -1211G allele carriers compared with -1211A allele homozygotes (P<0.05). Exercise training attenuated deceleration time in -1211G allele carriers (P<0.05) but not in -1211A allele homozygotes. Moreover, ADRB1 389Gly homozygotes had a greater training-induced increase in exercise tolerance than 389Arg homozygotes (P=0.04). This study shows that the functional GNAS -1121 G/A polymorphism is associated with diastolic function at baseline and in response to exercise training in heart failure patients. Furthermore, our data suggest that ADRB1 Arg389Gly polymorphism may influence exercise tolerance.