Browsing by Author "Barros, Susana"
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- Driver Risk Behavior and Locus of ControlPublication . Favero, Marisalva; Azevedo, Susana; Almeida, Fernando; Barros, Susana; Gomes, Valéria Sousa; Moreira, DianaThe objectives were: i) to compare the three factors of the Locus of Control scale with the behavior of drivers according to gender, age, type of involvement in accidents; (ii) to verify the relationship between the three factors of the Locus of Control scale (Internal, External-Others and External-Chance) and the four factors of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (Lapses, Errors, Aggressive Violations, and Ordinary Violations), as well as number of traffic tickets and involvement in accidents
- Escolhas Intertemporais e Comportamento Desviante: Breve Nota sobre Quatro Décadas de EstudosPublication . Moreira, Diana; Almeida, Fernando; Pinto, Marta; Barros, Susana; Barbosa, FernandoEscolhas intertemporais (EIs) são escolhas que envolvem trocas entre custos e benefícios que ocorrem em diferentes momentos no tempo. O primeiro objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um enquadramento conceptual das EIs, nomeadamente a base teórica do desconto e as funções de desconto (utilidade descontada, desconto quase-hiperbólico e desconto hiperbólico), concluindo com uma breve descrição dos padrões de preferência nas EIs (o efeito de diferimento, o efeito de magnitude, o efeito de sinal, e a assimetria atraso- adiantamento). Em segundo lugar, pretendemos apresentar um resumo das opções metodológicas na investigação sobre EIs, em particular, as diferenças relativamente às modalidades de recompensa, intervalos de atraso, e tentativas de manipular o desconto diferido. Finalmente, salientamos a relevância da investigação sobre EIs para o estudo do comportamento antissocial e desviante.
- Neurobiological bases of intertemporal choices: A comprehensive reviewPublication . Moreira, Diana; Pinto, Marta; Almeida, Fernando; Barros, Susana; Barbosa, FernandoIntertemporal choices (ICs) are choices that involve trade-off between costs and benefits that take place at differ ent moments in time. The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive literature review on neurobiological bases of IC. We present the functional models of IC and data from neuroimaging studies, namely ALE analysis. With this paper we intended to show the presence of immediate value preference beyond that predicted by a single-parameter exponential discounting model and its mapping to the dual-systems model for brain function. Studies indicate that individuals tend to show inconsistent preferences depending on the time until the rewards are available and support a perspective that intertemporal evaluation reflects neural mechanisms that differ from other forms of choice, although associated value signals are later represented in the context of a common reward system. The IC induces activations in a “nuclear network” and auxiliary areas including inferior prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, temporo-parietal cortex, and peri-splenial posterior cingulate. The network of areas sensitive to value is comprised of several regions that include ventral striatum, medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior insula. Evidence from neuroimaging and EEG studies corroborates that choices are determined by a dual evaluation system.
- Psicopatia no Feminino: Uma Breve Revisão da sua Avaliação e SubtiposPublication . Moreira, Diana; Pinto, Marta; Almeida, Fernando; Barros, Susana; Barbosa, Fernando